نص جديد للترجمة 4

Arabic literature





Writings
in the Arabic language, composed or written by non-Arabs as well as Arabs. In
the golden age of Arabic literature following the advent of Islam in
622, Arabic writers included Persians, Iranians, Indians, Spanish Muslims,
Egyptians, Syrians, and many others of mixed descent, all of whom made their
distinctive contributions to Arabic literature.



Arabic
literature is divided into two main periods. The classical, beginning with the
proverbs and poetry of the nomadic northern Arabs of the desert, was preserved
by oral transmission from the early 6th century or before and first recorded in
the 7th and 8th centuries; though the Arabic leadership in the Islamic
world began to decline in the 11th century, classical Arabic literature
continued into the 16th century.



Within
the classical period, there is a major division between the pre-Islamic
literature of the 6th and early 7th centuries and the literature that followed
the rise and spread of Islam. The literature of the Islamic
period is not a religious literature, except in the later part of the period,
when Sufism (Islamic mysticism) influenced Arabic poetry.



The
modern period, beginning with the 19th-century literary renaissance in Syria, Egypt, Lebanon, and Iraq, drew some
of its impetus from contact with the West and some from renewed interest in the
great classical literature.