نص جديد للترجمة 5

من طرف **Dr. Saeed** الإثنين 24 أكتوبر 2011, 7:50 pm

The
Genius of Arab Civilization

Most general readers in the West, if they know Arabic
literature at all, know only The Thousand and One Nights, and usually by an
incorrect title, The Arabian Nights. Moreover, even the few who have
industriously gleaned the available translations and the scholarly works of
distinguished orientalists remain ignorant of many Arabic masterpieces. The
reason for this is that most Western authorities have tended to identify Arabic
literature with the general history of Arabic thought and culture and have
therefore concentrated on those works, such as scientific and philosophical
treatises, that have been deemed historically and culturally
"important." As a result, the creative achievements of the Arabs in
"belles lettres," their artistic prose and poetical productions, have
remained for the most part insufficiently known and appreciated in the West. In
an attempt to correct this deficiency, we shall focus attention here on Arabic literature
in its restricted sense as the verbal art of the Arabs, with emphasis on its
unique features and universal contributions.

Our starting point is the language itself. Arabic, first
and foremost, gives the literature its unique quality. Although the leading literary
figures within the Islamic empire represented a diversity of ethnic and
cultural backgrounds, the non-Arabs among them had lost their national tongues
and had adopted the language of the Qur’an as their universal medium of
expression. Their literary art was shaped by the special genius of Arabic.

As an artistic medium, the Arabic language is most notable
for its regularity. Like other languages from the ancient Semitic family, of
which it is both the youngest and the most widespread offspring, Arabic is
built on a system of triconsonantal roots. For example, from the root KTB,
which conveys the idea of "writing," are formed such words as kataba,
"to write"; kitab, "book"; kutubi, "bookseller";
kuttab, "Qur'an school"; kitabah, "script"; maktab,
"office"; maktabah, "bookstore"; and mukatabah,
"correspondence.'' In each case
here, other sounds, chiefly vowels, have been added to KTB, the triconsonantal
root, according to a pre-established pattern, to create variations on the
fundamental idea that the root conveys.

Because of this high
degree of regularity in the shape of Arabic words, the language naturally lends
itself to the creation of harmonious patterns, and a rich elaboration of rhyme
and rhythm is an essential part of Arabic style and Arabic literary tradition.
Arabic permits rhetorical effects that could never be achieved in any European
language.

الإثنين	الثلاثاء	الأربعاء	الخميس	الجمعة	السبت	الأحد
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4	5	6	7	8	9	10
11	12	13	14	15	16	17
18	19	20	21	22	23	24
25	26	27	28	29	30